Urinalysis

Have you ever wondered why health professionals ask for a urine sample? Glucose in the urine is called glucosuria; it can occur in people with diabetes that is not properly regulated with insulin, in people with kidney problems that affect the absorption of glucose, in pregnant women, and in people with liver abnormalities or hormonal disorders.
For patients who may have had multiple occasions of bacteria in urine, blood tests or a special x-ray of their kidneys is usually preferred to determine what the actual cause of this problem is. Once the cause is known, the disease should be treated once and for all before the whole urinary tract is infected.
A healthcare practitioner must correlate the urinalysis results with a person's symptoms and clinical findings and search for the causes of abnormal findings with other pregnancy test targeted tests, such as a comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP) , complete blood count (CBC) , renal panel , liver panel , or urine culture (for urinary tract infection).

By addressing the most common human errors in dipstick testing — timing, volume of sample, and lighting — the technology could deliver faster test results to patients and reduce the burden on overextended medical laboratories and primary care doctors.
Urine microscopy is not routinely required for confirming a dipstick diagnosis of haematuria.1 However, in some situations, after clinical evaluation, urine microscopy may be useful in helping to distinguish haematuria from haemoglobinuria and myoglobinuria and to detect dysmorphic red blood cells and urinary casts indicating a medical renal cause.
A urinalysis is a test of your urine It is often done to check for a urinary tract infections , kidney problems , or diabetes You may also have one during a checkup, if you are admitted to the hospital, before you have surgery, or if you are pregnant.

If UTI or other obvious causes have been excluded, imaging of the urinary tract is indicated (see Urinary tract imaging - informed decision making ” and Figure 1 ). Assessment by an Urologist and cystoscopy will also be required in the majority of cases, although in young people (age less than 40 years with no risk factors for urothelial malignancy) cancer is unlikely to be the cause.
You take a urine sample and place the end of the strip so that its covered and leave it there for about 60 - 120 seconds and then take it out and the color of the tip of it will start to change which you can compare the color on the end of the strip to the color chart on the back of the bottle.
In addition, it can provide useful information related to screening and diagnosis of other conditions, including malignancy, proteinuria, glycosuria, ketonuria, and renal calculi.1 Accurate interpretation of urinalysis results is a key concept for health care providers in order to diagnose and treat patients appropriately.

The paper is titled Robust dipstick urinalysis using a low-cost, micro-volume slipping manifold and mobile phone platform.” Funding for this research came from the National Institutes of Health, the Rose Hills Foundation Graduate Engineering Fellowship, the Electrical Engineering Department New Projects Graduate Fellowship, the Oswald G. Villard Jr. Engineering Fellowship, the Stanford Graduate Fellowship and the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship.
A few white blood cells are normally present in urine and usually give a negative chemical test result. During routine screening, if a positive test for leukocytes, blood, protein, nitrite, and a pH greater than 7 is identified, the urine sediment be microscopically analysed to further pinpoint a diagnosis.